In recent work I have begun to document the various wetlands of the Willamette Valley from before settler changes took effect. Our best, and most
Year: 2022
Palmer Strategizes Treaty-Making, 1853
In 1853 Joel Palmer, newly appointed Indian Superintendent of Oregon, was working to keep the peace between the tribes and settlers in Oregon. The plan
Teasel Adventure
The European Teasel was brought to Oregon in the 19th century. It is a hugely invasive plant that has a habit of taking over large
Late Removals to the Grand Ronde Reservation from Umpqua Valley and Rogue River
As noted in several essays on this blog, removing tribes from their lands and to the Grand Ronde Indian Reservation was not a perfect process.
California Native History Contexts
In recent months I have been delving into records of the California Superintendency. I have studied several California tribes in the past, namely the Tolowa